-Krishnadutt upadhyay
In the valleys of Keshkal, once a year, one witnesses a remarkable confluence of faith, tradition, and justice unlike anywhere else in the world. Here, courts are convened—not for humans, but for gods and goddesses, who are placed in the dock and held accountable. This unique tradition conveys that not only humans, but even deities and gods, are answerable for their deeds.
Historical Background
The Keshkal region was once part of the Bastar princely state. To preserve the cultural and religious traditions of this land, the Bastar royal family initiated many rituals. One of these is the Divine Court, which is held annually at three major locations:
Court of Maa Bhangaram – in the forests and hills of Surdongar, atop the Keshkal valley.
Court of Garh Mavli – on the plateau near village Khallari in Bade Rajpur block.
Court of Kari Pani-Kursi Ghat – between Nagri block of Dhamtari district and the Odisha border.
This tradition is not only a symbol of faith but also a medium to uphold justice and discipline in society.
Divine Courts: A Unique Justice System
During the Jatra (fair), a grand gathering of gods and goddesses takes place. With the echo of drums, flutes, and bells, the deities arrive. The fragrance of incense and lamps fills the pandals, creating a spiritual atmosphere.
The court proceedings resemble those of human courts, with one difference—the complainants are humans, but the accused are deities. Hearings are conducted based on the charges:
If the charges are not proven, the deity is honorably acquitted.
If proven guilty, punishment is pronounced.
Punishments may include suspension from worship for a fixed period, confinement, or even the death penalty in serious cases.
This entire system is not just a ritual but also a means to strengthen the social order rooted in faith.
Faith and Community Participation
The Jatra sees participation from priests, sirhas (oracles), gayats (singers), village chiefs, patels, and countless devotees. Their presence creates an overwhelming surge of devotion across the forests and hills.
Villagers believe that the event not only pleases the deities but also protects the village from calamities, diseases, and malevolent forces.
The Tradition of Seva and Rawana
To appease the deities, villagers bring Seva and Rawana.
Seva includes rice, oil, turmeric, flowers, incense, and lamps.
Rawana usually consists of a young chicken, brought in a special manner.
This practice of Rawana has been carried forward for generations, believed to shield the village from harmful forces.
Why Are Women Restricted?
On the day of the Jatra, women are prohibited from entering. This is not due to neglect, but for protection. It is believed that malevolent forces also enter during this period, which could be harmful to women. However, on other days, women can visit and offer prayers at the deity shrines with full respect.
Regional Divisions and Influence
Maa Bhangaram of Keshkal – attended by deities from 11 parganas.
Garh Mavli of Manjhingarh – attended by guardian deities of 72 villages.
Bhangaram Devi of Kari Pani-Kursi Ghat – attended by deities from 16 parganas of Nagri, 7 palis of Odisha, and 20 kos of Bastar.
The Unique Tradition of Animal Sacrifice
With time, the tradition of sacrifice has evolved.
Earlier, a buffalo was offered to Maa Bhangaram, but now a black, hornless sheep is offered.
To Garhwali Mavli Devi of Manjhingarh, a white goat and a white rooster are sacrificed.
Dr. Khan Dev: A Symbol of Communal Harmony
An extraordinary aspect of the Jatra is the worship of Dr. Khan Dev. It is believed he was a physician during his lifetime. After his death, he was revered as a deity. His divine role is to protect the entire region from epidemics and contagious diseases. Offering eggs to him is a tradition, symbolizing communal harmony.
A Unique Experience and Cultural Heritage
For the villagers of Bastar, this event is part of their normal tradition. But for outsiders, it is an extraordinary and astonishing experience. The flood of devotion in the forests, the divine courts, and the distinctive rituals together keep alive the cultural heritage of this land.
